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APRENDE EN LÍNEA
Construcción
de viviendas
Edición N°26
CAPACITÁNDONOS
¿Cómo empalmar los Fierros de Construcción?
(parte II)
Ing. Ricardo Medina Cruz, Ingeniero Civil / U. N. Federico Villarreal
En la edición anterior de nuestro Boletín (Edic. 25) explicamos la importancia de empalmar correctamente los fierros porque al hacerlo, transferimos la fuerza de un fierro hacia el otro. También, te mostramos el traslape, que es el tipo de empalme más usado en las obras en nuestro país, donde la transferencia de fuerza de un fierro a otro se hace a través del concreto que los rodea. Asimismo, detallamos cómo hacer los empalmes por traslape en columnas, en tres diferentes casos (Tipos A,B y C)
En esta ocasión, veremos cómo empalmar fierros por traslape en vigas y losas.
Empalmes por traslape en vigas y losas
Todos los empalmes de una estructura se hacen para lograr seguridad, durabilidad y resistencia a la fuerza que recibirá, según se establece en el análisis de la estructura.
La longitud de traslape de los fierros se basa en la fuerza de la unión (tensión de adherencia) que se logrará en la longitud de los fierros contenida en el concreto. De este modo, la longitud de traslape podrá asegurar que el empalme resista las fuerzas que actuarán sobre ella.
Por otro lado, debemos evitar ubicar el empalme en zonas donde los fierros estén sujetos a máximos esfuerzos (Zonas de Máximos Esfuerzos - ZME). Para los fierros inferiores, esta zona corresponde al tramo central de las vigas y losas (Figura 1). Para los fierros superiores, son las zonas cercanas a los apoyos (columnas) (Figura 2).
Por esta razón, cuando el empalme se encuentre en una viga o losa, los fierros inferiores (acero positivo) deben empalmarse cerca de los extremos, es decir, en cualquiera de los tercios extremos de la luz libre de la viga (Figura 3 y 4); y los fierros superiores (acero negativo), en el centro de la viga, es decir, en el tercio central de la luz libre de la viga.
En caso de usar los empalmes tipo B y C (Ver Boletín Edición 25), debemos aumentar la longitud del empalme que obtuvimos para el tipo A. Si utilizamos el tipo B, el incremento debe ser de un 30 % y, si usamos el tipo C, debe ser de un 70 %.
A continuación ver el cuadro donde se detallan cada uno de estos casos:
Otras recomendaciones que debemos tener en cuenta son las siguientes:
1. No empalmar más de la mitad de los fierros en la zona elegida para el traslape.
2. En la zona elegida para el traslape, debemos alternar los empalmes. De ninguna manera hay que concentrarlos en una sola sección.
Finalmente, aunque algunas de estas exigencias sean difíciles de cumplir en la obra, debemos obedecerlas si pretendemos que los empalmes por traslape suministren una conexión fuerte entre los fierros al desarrollar su importante trabajo dentro de la estructura.
Obra protegida por la ley de derechos de autor
Perú
Aceros Arequipa S.A. Corporation
Lima
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Av. Antonio Miró Quesada
N.° 425, piso 17, Magdalena del Mar.
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517-1800
Pisco
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Carretera Panamericana Sur Km 229. Paracas. Pisco - Ica
Arequipa
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Variante de Uchumayo Km 5.5, Cerro Colorado, Arequipa
Trujillo
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Av. Tupac Amaru 1620 AA.HH. Alto Mochica II, la Esperanza, Trujillo
Piura
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Bolivia
Aceros del Altiplano S.R.L. Corporation
Santa Cruz
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Urb. Parque Industrial Latinoamericano, Unidad Industrial UI 06,Mz. 1, lote 4 - Warnes.
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La Paz
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Calle E - Lote 14 manzano A-08 Urbanización Cervecería Boliviana Nacional - Bellavista Viacha.
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Colombia
ACEROS AMÉRICA S.A.S.
Valle del Cauca
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Cra 25 #13 – 117
Parcelación Industrial la Y. Yumbo - contactocolombia@acerosarequipa.com
Ecuador
Aceros Arequipa AA S.AS Corporation.
Duran
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Barrio Ficas Delia Vía Durán Tampo KM. 8.5 Durán - Guayas - Ecuador
Chile
ACEROS AMÉRICA SpA
Antofagasta
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Sucursal: COST ORIENTE RUTA 26, #S/N NUDO URIBE - ANTOFAGASTA
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USA
Usa
Aceros America Port Manatee
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13838 Harllee Rd., Palmetto, FL 34221
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+1 (941) 722-5566
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Aceros America St.Pete
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2550 Ave N, St. Petersburg, FL 33713
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+1 (727) 321-5878
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Terms of Use
1. Introduction.In Aceros Arequipa S.A. (hereinafter, "Aceros Arequipa") we believe in the importance of communicating our ideas and do it in a transparent manner. so these terms will allow users of our website and / or any of our applications know the terms under which these services are used made available on our digital platform. By using the digital services made available by Aceros Arequipa, you accept the conditions described in this document and in the privacy policies, as well as in the other terms published in order to make you aware of your rights and duties when using any of these elements that we make available to you.
2. Aims and purpose.The purpose of our efforts developed on our digital platforms is to let you know the information to which you have access. This information is published and made available to you for your use under the conditions expressed in this document and the data that you authorize to use are all those that correspond to your personal data.
3. Use of our services.The services we make available to you must be used in good faith and in accordance with the following guidelines:
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• You must only access our services using the user interfaces provided by our company.
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• None of our services should be used in any way that could infringe a current rule, or is contrary to morality or decency.
Some of the services provided on the digital platform may require the entry and therefore the delivery of personal data, before accessing them. In these cases you agree to provide truthful information or simply not use such services. In the event that you are required to create a username and password, you are responsible for your password and the proper care of it. Our company is not responsible for any action that may be taken using your password on our systems if you have failed to comply with this obligation.
We are respectful of the law and, therefore, of the protection of your personal information which is done in accordance with the provisions relating to the law 1581 of 2012, which corresponds to the protection and management of personal data. As well as all those rules that involve the development of the same. For more information related to the way in which Aceros Arequipa protects the information and personal data of users, you can enter the following link and view the privacy policies of the information: View cookie policies
5. Contents used.Our services make available to you a large amount of content in digital format, whether text, images, videos, or other content that we may deem appropriate to use. The ownership of the copyright published in any of these services belongs to Aceros Arequipa, its customers, suppliers or third parties that may have authorized us to use these contents.
Under no circumstances may any user appropriate, claim as their own or claim ownership of any of these contents. In case you consider that any of the contents published by us is violating any rule of copyright and / or industrial property you can use the comment system to let us know. The comment must have contact details and identification of the user in order to contact you and make the clarification to the claim filed.
6. Improvements and modifications.Aceros Arequipa constantly modifies and improves the characteristics of the services it provides on its digital platform. For this reason it is possible that some services may be modified over time and others may be restricted or even eliminated.
You may stop using any of our services at any time, just as we may modify or discontinue providing them.
7. Modification of these Terms and Conditions.Any modification, update or extension produced in these Terms and Conditions will be immediately published, being the responsibility of the User to review the Terms and Conditions in force at the time of navigation. The use by users of the site or Aceros Arequipa is considered as irrevocable acceptance of such revisions.
Date of last update: 27/08/2021.Privacy Policy
1. Introduction.In Aceros Arequipa S.A. (hereinafter "Aceros Arequipa"), we respect the rights of individuals about their personal information and their ability to decide on its use in accordance with Law 1581 of 2012 (hereinafter, "the Act"). In this regard, we inform users that these policies apply to our website as well as to the applications that we make available on our digital platforms. By accessing our website or using any application of our company, the user may accept and give their consent regarding the information you provide and it will be used in accordance with the terms and guidelines expressed in this policy and the Act.
2. Objective and purpose.
Aceros Arequipa is committed to protect the security and confidentiality of the information of all those natural persons with whom it interrelates, scrupulously respecting the dispositions established in the Law and its complementary norms. This document describes the Personal Data Protection Policy of Aceros Arequipa.
3. Scope of application.
This Policy applies to all personal data processing activities carried out by Aceros Arequipa. In this sense, it is mandatory for Aceros Arequipa employees and any user to whom Aceros Arequipa provides personal data.
4. About the handling of your information
Aceros Arequipa considers of importance to protect the security and confidentiality of the personal data of all the people with whom it interrelates, therefore it assumes the following commitments:
• To carry out the processing of personal data only if it has the prior express and unequivocal consent of the owner of such data or their legal representatives.
• It will not collect personal information by fraudulent or unlawful means.
• Only use the information collected for the purposes authorized by the owner of the personal data.
• Will respond promptly, within the deadlines established in the legal framework, requests for the exercise of their rights submitted by the holders of personal data or their representative.
• Adopt the necessary measures to ensure the confidentiality of the personal data provided to it.
• Implement an audit program in order to identify opportunities for improvement in relation to compliance with the rules on protection of personal data.
• Comply with the current regulations on personal data protection.
5. Purposes of the processing of personal data.
The personal data collected by Aceros Arequipa will be used for the following purposes:
• For better information management and communication between Aceros Arequipa and its users, workers and suppliers.
• To confirm and correct the information we know about users, workers and suppliers.
• To have information that allows decision making for the benefit of the users of the infrastructure managed by Aceros Arequipa.
• Allow the evaluation of professionals who apply for positions within Aceros Arequipa.
• Respond to requests, claims and / or complaints from users.
• To carry out commercial, communication, marketing, administrative and user support management related to the goods and/or services we offer. As well as answering queries and other information requested by Internet users and to provide any information that may be of interest.
• To have information that allows us to determine the identity of the people who visit Aceros Arequipa facilities. The information obtained by Aceros Arequipa may only be provided to public entities in the exercise of their legal functions or by court order.
6. Security of the information collected.
• In compliance with the regulations in force, we adopt the technical security and confidentiality measures appropriate to the category of personal data, necessary to maintain the required security level.
• We have implemented the technical, organizational and legal measures necessary to ensure the security of personal data and prevent its alteration, loss and treatment and / or unauthorized access.
• We have implemented additional security measures to reinforce the confidentiality and integrity of the information and continuously maintains the supervision, control and evaluation of the processes to ensure the privacy of personal data.
7. Rights of the holders of personal information. . In accordance with the Law, the holders of personal data have the rights detailed below (these may be exercised in accordance with the procedure indicated in section 8 of this document):
• Right of Access and Information: The holder of personal data has the right to obtain the information about himself/herself that is subject to processing in data banks owned by Aceros Arequipa.
• Right of rectification, updating and inclusion: The holder of personal data has the right to update, inclusion and rectification of his personal data subject to processing by Aceros Arequipa when they are partially or totally inaccurate, incomplete or when an omission, error or falsehood has been noticed.
8. Minors.
We understand the importance of protecting the privacy of children and adolescents. For this reason, we will not voluntarily process personal data relating to minors. In the event that we become aware that personal data collected relates to a minor without authorization, we will take appropriate steps to delete this data as soon as possible.
27/08/2021.
Cookie Policy
The purpose of this cookies policy (the "Policy") is to inform the way in which Comercial del Aceros Arequipa S.A. with NIT 901379532-2 with address at CRA. 25 No. 13 117 Yumbo - Valle, treat the information and personal data of its users that it collects through Cookies. The Policy describes all the types of information collected from Users and all the processing of such information. The User declares to have previously and expressly read and accepted the Policy and is subject to its provisions.Who is covered by the Policy?
For the purposes of this Policy, any reference to "us", "we", "us" or "our", refers to Aceros Arequipa S.A. and when referring to "the User" or "the Users", it will be understood to all those different to Aceros Arequipa S.A. who navigate within the Web Sites and the Applications of Aceros Arequipa S. A.S. It is by virtue of this Policy that Aceros Arequipa S.A. will be referred to as "the User" or "the Users".A.S. It is by virtue of this principle that by providing us with personal information you consent to it being used in the following manner; This Policy does not apply to third party websites, services, products or applications, even if they can be accessed through our services.
What are Cookies?
Cookies are files that the website or application installs on the browser or device (Smartphone, tablet, connected TV) when accessing or during the tour on certain web pages or applications, and serve to store information about your visit.
Cookies allow to store certain data about the User's device or about the navigation of the same, i.e. collects statistical information, facilitates certain technical functionalities, see which pages have been visited, the connection time, the city to which the IP address is assigned from which you access, the number of new Users, the frequency and recurrence of visits, the time of visit, the browser or the operator or type of terminal from which the visit is made, analyzes the operation of a page, detects technical problems, among others; and depending on the information they contain and the way you use your computer, can be used to recognize the user. Most cookies are associated with a user, computer and non-identifiable device in the sense that they do not provide references that allow us to know personal data. A browser only allows a website to access the cookies it sets, not those set by other websites.
What do we use cookies for and what types of cookies do we use?
Cookies on this website are used to personalize content and ads, provide social media features and analyze traffic. We also share information about your use of the website with our digital marketing agency, who may combine it with other information you have provided to them or that they have collected from your use of their services. We use the following types of cookies:
Necessary cookies:
They enable you to use our websites and all of their features, such as enabling access to secure areas of the website. Without these cookies, you may not be able to use all the features of our websites.
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Collect information about how you use our websites so that we can improve them for you in the future. For example, they collect information about the pages you visit most frequently and any error messages you may receive. The information obtained by these cookies is anonymous.
Functionality cookies: These allow us to provide you with a more personalised experience. They help us remember information such as your user name and your selected language so that you don't have to enter it again the next time you visit. The information collected by these cookies is anonymous. Your browsing activity on other websites cannot be tracked.
Controlling Cookies and Other Technologies
Cookies can be deleted from your hard drive if you choose to do so. Most browsers automatically accept cookies, but allow the User to change their browser settings to refuse the installation of cookies without affecting their access to and browsing of the Websites and Applications. It is important to emphasize that, in some cases, preventing the generation of some specific "Cookies" could result in various functions being unavailable or parts of the website not loading. In the event that the Websites and Applications have links or hyperlinks to other Internet sites owned by third parties that use cookies, Aceros Arequipa S.A. is not responsible for and does not control the use of cookies by such third parties.
Consent
Aceros Arequipa S.A. can treat the information collected through "Cookies", provided that the User gives his consent when entering any of our websites and applications, except in cases where the "Cookies" are necessary for the operation and navigation of the same.
In the event that the User gives his consent, Aceros Arequipa S.A. may use "Cookies" that allow us to obtain information about his preferences, in order to customize our websites and applications, according to his interests.
Review and Modification of the Cookies Policy
Aceros Arequipa S.A. expressly reserves the right to modify, update or supplement this Policy at any time. Any modifications, updates or additions to this Policy will be immediately posted on the Websites and Applications.
September 2021
